Parsnip

Parsnip: plant 10 cm (3.9 in) apart in the row and 35 cm (14 in) between rows, 9 per square. No known bad neighbours.

Key facts

Spacing in the row	10 cm (3.9 in)
Between rows	35 cm (14 in)
In a 30 cm (1 ft) square	9 per square
Sun	Full sun, 6–8 hours a day
Root depth	40 cm (16 in)
Height when grown	35 cm (14 in)
Crop rotation group	Roots and onions
Support	None needed

Sowing and germination

How it is started	Sown straight into the bed
Seeds per hole	3
Plants kept after thinning	1
Seeds per metre of row	30
Sowing depth	1.2 cm (0.5 in)
Soil temperature	from 0 °C, best 18–24 °C
Days to emerge	14–21 days
Light while germinating	Needs darkness, cover well
Before sowing	nothing needed
When to sow	Outdoors before the last frost; soil at least 7 °C

From seedling to plant

Pricking out	sown where it grows
Takes transplanting	Badly, sow where it grows
Life cycle	Biennial, harvested in its first year
Cold tolerance	Takes a light frost → hardy, takes hard frost
Soil	Light, sandy, free draining, pH 6–7
In a pot	10 L, 30 cm (11.8 in)
Watering	Water when the soil is dry two fingers down; while roots swell
Feeding	Little; at planting
Support and training	None needed

Harvest and planning

Days to first harvest	110–140 days, from sowing
Ready when	After the first frosts, when it sweetens
Harvest window	All at once, 6–12 weeks
Typical yield	2.5–4 kg per m²
Botanical family	Apiaceae
Watch out for	Carrot fly, slugs and snails

Plan Parsnip in your garden

Open the free planner, drop Parsnip onto a bed and see how many plants fit.

Start Planning Your Garden

Sowing and harvest

Sow outdoors	Mar–Apr
Harvest	Oct–Nov

My dates for this crop

My country Last spring frost where I live

Give the date once and this page, the sowing calendar and the planner all follow it.

Months for a temperate climate: about a month later in the north and a month earlier in the south. Give your own last frost date for exact dates.

What to plant next to Parsnip →

From the same family

Plants of the Apiaceae family share diseases and pests, so they follow each other in the rotation only after a break.

Grown much the same way

Crops that need about the same room and care, from another family.

Sources

The values on this page marked as checked come from these sources: spacing, sowing depth, germination, soil, timing and safety notes, each against the source named here.

Parsnips in the Garden — Utah State University Extension for: sowing depth, days to emerge, between rows, spacing in the row; checked 2026-10-30
Soil Temperature Conditions for Vegetable Seed Germination (GN 154, after J.F. Harrington, UC Davis) — UC Cooperative Extension, UC ANR for: days to emerge, soil temperature; checked 2026-10-30

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